Advances in the biosynthesis of L-homoserine and its derivatives by metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli / 生物工程学报

L-homoserine and its derivatives (O-succinyl-L-homoserine and O-acetyl-L-homoserine) are precursors for the biosynthesis of L-methionine, and various C4 compounds (isobutanol, γ-butyrolactone, 1, 4-butanediol, 2, 4-dihydroxybutyric acid) and L-phosphinothricin. Therefore, the fermentative production of L-homoserine and its derivatives became the research hotspot in recent years. However, the low fermentation yield and conversion rate, and the unclear regulation mechanism for the biosynthesis of L-homoserine and its derivatives, hamper the development of an efficient production process for L-homoserine and its derivatives. This review summarized the advances in the biosynthesis of L-homoserine and its derivatives by metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli from the aspects of substrate uptake, redirection of carbon flow at the key nodes, recycle of NADPH and export of target products. This review may facilitate subsequent metabolic engineering and biotechnological production of L-homoserine and its derivatives.

Research progress in influencing factors on mechanical properties of medical PVC / 国际生物医学工程杂志

PVC resin is widely used in medical and other industrial fields because of its good chemical corrosion resistance, wear resistance, low cost and simple production. In this study, the related research progress in the influence of resin polymerization degree, processing technology and processing aids on the mechanical properties of PVC was reviewed, and the influence rules of processing aids on the properties of PVC was analyzed. Relevant research results show that the increase of the resin polymerization degree can increase the strength of PVC, but at the same time reduce the toughness. The use of compression molding process is beneficial to improve the strength and modulus of PVC. The use of injection molding process is beneficial to improve the plasticity and toughness of the PVC. Properly increasing the processing temperature and the blending time can improve the toughness of PVC. Adding heat stabilizers can improve the plasticity, toughness and strength of PVC. Adding plasticizers can improve the strength and toughness of PVC. Adding modifiers can improve the strength and toughness of PVC.

Clinical Features and Prognosis of 60 Cases of HIV-negative Plasmablastic Lymphomas Patients / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognosis of HIV-negative plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) patients. Methods We collected HIV-negative PBL cases reported in our hospital and other literatures from online databases from January 1, 1997 to March 30, 2020. The data of clinical features, molecular pathology, treatment and prognosis were summarized and analyzed. Results We included 60 PBL patients, average age was 53.06±14.36 years, and most of them had relatively high Ann Arbor stage and Ki-67 expression. The average OS was 13.48±13.21 m. Kaplan-Meier curve revealed Ann Arbor stage, IPI index (3-5), B symptoms and CR in initial treatment were significantly related with patients' survival. Cox regression analysis indicated that the Ann Arbor stage and IPI index were the independent prognostic factors for patients' survival. Conclusion HIV-negative PBL mostly occurs in the middle-age and elderly patients, with advanced diagnosis stage and rapid tumor proliferation. Combination chemotherapy is the main treatment, while the therapeutic response and OS might be heterogeneous, the prognosis of most patients would be poor. The stage and IPI index are significantly related to the prognosis.

Expression of galectin-1 in Chinese laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and its clinical significance / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To observe the expression and clinical significance of galectin-1 in Chinese laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients.@*Methods@#Immunohistochemical technique was used to test the galecin-1 protein expression in the 50 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients and Western blot method was used to test the galecin-1 protein expression in the 3 of the patients. SAS 9.4 software was used to analyze the relationship between the galectin-1 protein and the clinical degrees, pathological grades and lymph node metastasis in all the cases.@*Results@#In the 50 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients, the positive rate of galectin-1 protein was 74% (37/50). The expression of galectin-1 protein was correlated with the severity of clinical staging, pathological differentiation and lymph node metastasis.@*Conclusions@#High expression of galectin protein related with the occurrence and development of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

Reflection on the Informed Consent Solution under the Background of Chinese Traditional Culture / 中国医学伦理学

The legal dilemma of informed consent facing in our country does not mean that the Chinese tradi-tional culture and the western human rights thought exist incommensurable. The solution to the informed consent di-lemma still needs take Chinese traditional"ritual" and"law" culture as basis, achieve the integration of ritual and law, eliminate their adverse effects, build the better Chinese medical ethics culture and medical legal culture, and promote the medical ethics, patient' s ethics and construction of legal system return to rational, so as to guarantee the effective realization of the double normative effect of law and ethics of the right and obligation of informed con-sent.

Association between prion infection and Ryanodine receptor 2 in scrapie-263 K infected hamster / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To classify the expression of RyR2 in the brain of prion infected hamsters.@*Methods@#Immunohistochemical assays was used to verify that the location of RyR2 in the brain slices of hamster. Assays of the brain samples of intracranial inoculation of scrapie infected hamster (agent 263 K) and normal hamster were tested to evaluate the RyR2 expression by Western Blotting. Immunofluorescent assays were used to verify the co-location between RyR2 and PrP protein.@*Results@#RyR2 mainly located in cortex and Purkinje cells with parts of which are distributed in thalamus, hippocampus and olfactory bulb. The expression of RyR2 significantly decreased in the 263 K infected hamster at terminal stage. The Immunofluorescence tests showed that RyR2 was colocalized with PrP protein.@*Conclusions@#The experimental data showed that RyR2 may play a crucial role in prion disease, which might be closely linked to the cognition impairment and neuron loss. The relation between RyR2 and prion disease still needs further research.

Neil2 gene rs8191670 polymorphism (T/C) is associated with chemotherapy sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer / 肿瘤

Objective: To reveal the association between of rs8191670 polymorphism (T/C) of Nei endonuclease VIII-like 2 (Neil2) gene and the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to cisplatin. Methods: The pathological data of 206 patients with advanced NSCLC diagnosed in the First Affiiated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from May 2011 to January 201 7 were retrospectively reviewed. The mutation of 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of Neil2 gene in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients was detected by RT-PCR and DNA sequencing. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. The associations of the polymorphism of rs8191670 in Neil2 gene with the sensitivity and security of platinum-based chemotherapy were evaluated by the log-rank test. Results: T/C polymorphism was found in the rs8191670 locus of Neil2 gene. Among 206 NSCLC patients, there were 1 10 "T/T" homozygote cases, 42 "C/C" homozygote cases and 54 "T/C" heterozygote cases. After cisplatin-based chemotherapy, the median progression-free survival (mPFS) time of NSCLC patients bearing "T/T" homozygote in Neil2 gene rs8191670 locus was better than that of the "C/C" heterozygous patients (6.1 months vs 4.5 months, P 0.05). Conclusion: The rs8191670 polymorphism (T/C) of Neil2 gene changes the repair ability of DNA may through regulating the expression of Neil2 protein, thus affecting the efficacy of cisplatin chemotherapy.

Determination of glycine in the pharmaceutical of human coagulation factor Ⅷ by HPLC / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish the method for determination content of glycine in the pharmaceutical of human coag‐ulation factor Ⅷ by HPLC .Methods The analysis was carried on a Shim‐Pack CLC‐ODS column with a mobile phase of 50%acetonitrile‐0 .05 mol/L sodium acetate buffer (35∶65) at the detection wavelength of 360 nm ,using alanine and 2 ,4‐dini‐trofluorobenzene as the internal standard and derivation agent ,respectively .Results The method showed a good linearity in the range of 0 .006‐0 .030 mg/ml (r=0 .999 3) for glycine .The average recovery was 101 .4% ,and the RSD was 0 .14% (n=9) .Conclusion This method was simple ,sensitive ,accurate ,reliable ,and suitable for determination of glycine in the pharma‐ceutical of human coagulation factor Ⅷ .

The research on the different expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in cervical columnar ectopy and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To explore the different probability of carcinoma and the necessity of treatment in cervical columnar ectopy (CCE),normal smooth cervix and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) by investigating the different expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9).Methods The expression of MMP-9 was detected by using immunohistochemical method in 30 cases of CCE,28 cases of CIN and 30 cases of normal smooth cervix from 2007 to 2012.Results The positive expression of MMP-9protein in CIN was 96.4％ (27/28),CCE was 23.3％ (7/30) and normal smooth cervix was 20.0％ (6/30)respectively.The positive expression of MMP-9 protein was higher in CIN than CCE and normal smooth cervix,the difference has statistical significance (P＜ 0.01),there was no significant difference between CCE and normal smooth cervix (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions CCE,which was a physiological performance of cervical erosion,should not be overtreated.But the women of childbearing age should be routinely performed in cervical cancer screening.

The clinical research Chuanxiong-Chatiao powder treating migraine / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effect of Chuanxiong-Chatiao San in treatment hemicrania. Methods All patients were randomly recruited into a control group (75cases) and a treatment group (78 cases). The control group was treated with Gastrodin injection, Ligustrazine injection and Mailuoning injection; on this basis, the treatment group was treated with Chuanxiong-Chatiao powder. Both groups were treated for 14 days with a 7 days interval. Results The excellent rate and effective rate were 91.03% and 96.08% in the treatment group respectively; and 70.66% and 94.67% in the control group respectively. The difference between the two groups was significant (χ2= 12.7143,P<0.01) . Conclusion Chuanxiong-Chatiao powder combined with western medicine is effective in treating hemicrania.

The influence of different operative approaches on perioperative respiratory and cardiac function of patients with gastric cardia carcinoma / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the effect of different operative approaches on perioperative respiratory and cardiac function of patients with gastric cardia carcinoma. Methods The perioperative changes of SpO2 ,Breath Rate (BR) and Heart Rate(HR) of patients with gastric cardia carcinoma underwent surgical therapies through transthoracic ( n = 30 ), transabdominal ( n = 37 ) or trans-thoracoabdominal ( n = 10 )approaches were compared respectively. Results On the postoperative 1st,2nd,4th and 7th day,the changes of BR in transthoracic (5. 20 ± 0. 96,5. 17 ± 1. 58,3.93 ± 1.53,2. 63 ± 1.25 )/min and trans-thoracoabdominal (5.80 ±0. 79,6. 10 ± 1.20,4. 80 ± 1.32,3.00 ± 1.49)/min approach groups were significantly greater than that of transabdominal group (4. 35 ± 1.06,3.89 ±0. 99,2. 24 ± 1.30,1.16 ±0. 65)/min (Ps ＜0. 05). At the meanwhile, the changes of SpO2 at 2nd, 4th postoperative day of transthoracic ( [ 8. 30 ± 1.95 ] %, [ 7.23 ±2. 01 ] % ) and trans-thoracoabdominal ( [ 8.60 ± 1.43 ] %, [ 7. 70 ± 2. 11 ] % ) approach groups were significantly greater than that of transabdominal group ( [ 7. 08 ± 1.82 ] %, [ 6.24 ± 1.88 ] % ) ( Ps ＜ 0. 05 ), but there were no significant differences observed among three groups on the postoperative 1st,7th day. On the postoperative 1 st,2nd and 4th day, the changes of HR of transthoracic ( 18.00 ± 3.79,13.47 ± 4. 42,8. 60 ±4. 13 )/min and trans-thoracoabdominal ( 19. 80 ± 4. 96,14. 80 ± 3.33,8.70 ± 3.47)/min approach groups were significantly greater than that of transabdominal group ( 13.62 ± 4. 00,10. 84 ± 4. 16,6. 32 ± 2. 53 )/min, too (Ps ＜0. 05) ,but no differences were observed among three groups on the postoperative 7th day (Ps ＞0. 05).Coniclusion Transthoracic,transabdominal and trans-thoracoabdominal approachs resulted in different effects on respiratory and cardiac function in patients with gastric cardia carcinoma.

Identifying the Probability for Outdoor Walking Independency in Stroke Patients Using Berg Balance Scale and Maximum Walking Speed / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo identify the probability for outdoor walking independency using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the maximum walking speed （MWS） in stroke patients. Methods80 hemiparetic stroke patients were classified into 2 groups: the independency group and the non-independency group. They were assessed with the BBS and the 10 m MWS. ResultsWith the discriminant analysis, the BBS and the 10 m MWS could identify the independency and non-independency group，hit rate 88.8%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves suggested the cut-off point 49.5, sensitivity 86.2%; specificity 78.4%, area under ROC curve 0.905 in BBS; while cut-off point 1.0 m/s, sensitivity 93.1%, specificity 90.2%, area under ROC curve 0.961 in MWS. ConclusionBBS and the MWS can identify the outdoor walking independency sensitively and specifically in stroke patients.

Validity of Action Research Arm Test in Stroke Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To verify the convergent validity,discriminant validity and concurrent validity of the Action Research Arm Test(ARAT)in patients with chronic stroke.Methods 30 cases with chronic stroke were assessed with ARAT,upper limb section at Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Motor Activity Log(MAL)on the same day.The validity was investigated using Spearman ρ and t test.Results The scores of the ARAT closely correlated with upper limb section at Fugl-Meyer Assessment(ρ=0.906,P<0.001).The upper limb section at Fugl-Meyer scores≥33 group achieved a significantly higher scores of the ARAT than the scores<33 group(t =6.614,P<0.001).The scores of the ARAT closely correlated with the amount of use(AOU)and quality of movement(QOM)of MAL(ρ=0.894 and 0.761,respectively,P<0.001).Conclusion The ARAT has been shown good convergent validity,discriminant validity and concurrent validity in people with stroke.

Reliability of the Action Research Arm Test in Stroke Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To verify the inter-rater reliability,intra-rater reliability and internal reliability of the action research arm test(ARAT)in patients with chronic stroke.Methods 30 people with chronic stroke were tested with the ARAT by two experienced raters.The inter-rater reliability,intra-rater reliability and internal reliability were examined.Results The ARAT showed high inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability(ICC=0.992 and 0.987,respectively)and internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha coefficient=0.936).Conclusion The ARAT shows good inter-rater reliability,intra-rater reliability and internal reliability in assessing patients after stroke.

Observations on the Efficacy of Mind-Calming and Brain-Refreshing Acupuncture and Moxibustion for Treating 42 Anxiety Patients / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of acupuncture in cooperation with moxibustion for treating anxiety. Methods: A treatment group of 42 anxiety patients was treated by acupuncture in cooperation with moxibustion and a control group of 45 anxiety patients, with Western medicine. Results: The total efficacy rate was 92.9% in the treatment group and 71.1% in the control group. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.01). Conclusion: The effect was significantly better in the treatment group than in the control group. Acupuncture and moxibustion has no side effects and dependence.

Efficacy of Constraint-induced Movement Therapy on Motor Function of Upper Extremity of Chronic Stroke Patients / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo explore the efficacy of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) on motor function of upper extremity of chronic stroke patients.MethodsFifteen chronic stroke patients with hemiparesis (course of diseases more than 13.5 months) were treated by CIMT, involving restriction of movement of the intact upper extremity by placing it in a sling for 90% of waking hours for 12 days and training (by shaping) of the more affected extremity for 6 hours on the 10 workdays during that period. The therapeutic effect was evaluated with upper extremity function test (UEFT) and simple test for evaluating hand function (STEF).ResultsPatients showed a significant and very large degree of improvement after treatment on UEFT and STEF (ES, 0.8 and 0.5, respectively).ConclusionCIMT may be an efficacious method for improvement of the affected arm function of chronic stroke patients.

Effects of Constraint-induced Movement Therapy on Different Severities of the Motor Deficit of Upper Extremity after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of constraint-induced movement therapy(CIMT) on different severity of the motor deficit of upper extremity after stroke.Methods27 stroke patients who had upper-limb hemiparesis and learned nonuse were allocated either to the moderate group(n=12) or the severe group(n=15) according to severity of initial motor deficit of upper extremity by Upper Extremity Function Test(UEFT).The two group patients were given CIMT,involving restriction of movement of the intact upper extremity by placing it in a sling for 90% of waking hours for 12 days and training(by repetitive practice,shaping) of the more affected extremity for 6 hours on the 10 weekdays during that period.Outcome were measured with UEFT.ResultsThere was no significant difference in treatment gain on the UEFT between the moderate patients and the severe patients(P>0.05).However,the Effect Size for the severe patients(ES=2.2) was larger than for the moderate patients(ES=1.8) at the quality of movement(UEFT).ConclusionCIMT is an effective rehabilitation technique for different severity of the motor deficit of upper extremity after stroke,especially in severe stroke patients.

Regulation of gastrin and motilin on the tension of human lower esophageal sphincter in vitro / 基础医学与临床

Objective To explore the regulatory mechanism of gastrin and motilin on sling fibers and clasp fibers of human lower esophageal sphincter.Methods Muscle strips of the sling and clasp fibers from human lower esophageal sphincter and the circular layers of the esophagus and gastric fundus were obtained from patients with subtotal esophagectomy.Through the isolated tissue tension detection technique and pharmacological method,the concentration-response curves of the strips responding to gastrin and motilin were constructed,from which E_(max)s were derived.Results All strips contracted to gastrin and motilin with different rules and different intensity in a concentration-dependent fashion.Sling fibers' E_(max)value(4.91?(0.95 mN/mm~(2))) to gastrin was significantly higher than clasp fibers'(0.72?(0.14 mN/mm~(2))).Otherwise,in response to motilin,both sling fibers and clasp fibers contracted to motilin intensively(3.61?(0.65 mN/mm~(2))and 2.64?(0.33 mN/mm~(2))).Conclusions The sling fibers and clasp fibers have different responses to gastrin and motilin.

Epidemiological survey of 230 cases of HIV infection among entry-exit personnel at the Xinjiang Port / 中国艾滋病性病

Objective To understand the infection status and epidemiological features of individuals entering and exiting the Xinjiang Port so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of AIDS at various ports in China.Methods The data of HIV infection among 291 200 individuals entering and exiting the Xinjiang Port between 2001 and 2007 was analyzed.Results A total of 230 individuals were found infected with HIV and the total infection rate was 0.79‰.The people of prime age(from 20 to 40 years) were the main victims of the infection,the ratio of infection between males and females was 22∶1,and higher rate of infection was seen among the ethnic minority;and traders and drivers were the high risk group.The routes of transmissions differed from region to region,but the mian routes were drug use and sex contact.Conclusion The HIV epidemic in some highly prevalent areas of Xinjiang has not been effectively controlled,and is now being rapidly spread.Therefore,for the control of AIDS transmission at the frontier port it is crucial to strengthen AIDS surveillance among entry-exit personnel,to carry out epidemiological survey,and to disseminate knowledge of AIDS preventioical survey.

The value of the timed “up and go” test at the evaluation of functional mobility in stroke patients / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the timed “up and go” test (TUGT) on measuring functional mobility of stroke patients.MethodsNinety hemiparetic stroke patients participated in this study. The balance, gait speed and disability of patients were measured by Berg balance scale (BBS), maximal gait speed and functional independence measure (FIM) to find out the critical value of TUGT.ResultsA good relationship existed among TUGT and the BBS,gait speed and FIM (r=-0.926—-0.674,P<0.001).The percentage of independent walking of stroke patients whose TUGT scores <10s or>20s were 100% and 8.3%. The optimal cut off values of TUGT to predict the independent walking of patients were 15.2s, and in stroke group sensitivity and specificity of TUGT were 89.4% and 79.1%.Conclusion TUGT is a reliable instrument with adequate concurrent validity to measure the functional mobility of stroke patients.